Spread Spectrum (SS) is a revolutionary communication technique that disperses the frequency spectrum of transmission signals over a wider bandwidth than their original range. Widely employed in wireless communication domains, SS technology offers numerous advantages:

1️⃣ Immunity to Various Noise: SS exhibits resilience against different types of noise, including multipath distortion, enhancing the reliability and robustness of communication systems.

2️⃣ Signal Concealment and Encryption: SS can be utilized to conceal and encrypt signals, enhancing privacy and security. However, recipients must possess the spread spectrum code to decipher the original signal.

3️⃣ Enhanced Bandwidth Utilization: Multiple users can independently access the same higher bandwidth without significant interference, facilitating efficient spectrum utilization.

Among the mainstream SS techniques, two prominent methods are:

1️⃣ Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS):
FHSS involves selecting multiple frequencies using a predetermined spread spectrum code sequence. This causes the carrier frequency to hop continuously, with the sender broadcasting information using seemingly random radio frequency sequences. Recipients synchronize their frequency hopping with the sender, ensuring seamless communication.

2️⃣ Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS):
DSSS expands the signal spectrum directly at the transmitter using a high-rate spread spectrum code sequence. The receiver then employs the same spread spectrum code sequence for signal despreading. This technique enables robust and efficient communication, even in challenging environments.